The Hate Review

Country Group: Moderate dual entrenchment

Key indicators in 2025: Contamination 3.00 / 4  ·  Impact 2.23 / 4

Since the early 2000s, the anti-gender movement in Spain has evolved from a church-led civic campaign into a professionalised political force. It began with the Catholic Church, the Foro Español de la Familia and Hazte Oír mobilising hundreds of thousands against same-sex marriage and abortion reform, building an infrastructure of petitions, demonstrations and litigation that would prove durable. The founding of CitizenGO in 2013 internationalised this infrastructure, transforming Spain into a key hub for the global anti-gender movement. Vox’s 2019 parliamentary breakthrough was the decisive turning point: anti-gender demands moved from civil society pressure into governmental power, with PP–Vox regional coalitions dismantling LGBTIQ+ frameworks in some regions. Today the movement is well established, combining a far-right parliamentary actor, a dense civil society infrastructure including so-called “gender critical” voices, all within an internationally connected network.