The Hate Review

Key indicators in 2025: Contamination 2.33 / 4  ·  Impact 1.78 / 4

Over the past twenty-five years, anti-gender activity in Albania has moved from diffuse religious opposition and isolated incidents of official hate speech, through organised civil society mobilisation, to a coordinated and internationally connected movement. A moment of potential reform in July 2009 — when Prime Minister Berisha announced support for same-sex civil unions — collapsed immediately under religious pressure, establishing a pattern of reform attempts followed by organised backlash that has repeated ever since. The 2016 failure to add sexual orientation and gender identity to the constitutional non-discrimination clause and the 2018 termination of school awareness activities under media and political pressure were key turning points. The founding of ProFam in 2020 marked a structural shift towards proactive, institutionally networked mobilisation. By 2024–2025 the movement had shown that it could shape legislative outcomes within the governing majority itself, as the forced dilution of the Gender Equality Law illustrated.

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