How the anti-gender movement spread across Europe
The Hate Review
Explore The Data
At the heart of the Hate Review is a database of more than 3,200 documented elements, each one a recorded instance of the anti-gender movement in Europe. The elements are of two main kinds. More than 2,500 are actions — concrete, sourced occurrences of the anti-gender movement in action: a bill opposed or proposed, a march held, a campaign launched, a court case filed, a piece of disinformation circulated. Each action is classified by the country it occurred in, the period it belongs to, the kind of action it represents, and the topic it concerns. The remaining 700+ elements are actors — the organisations, parties and networks that make up the anti-gender movement — each recorded with the year it was founded.
The charts on this page open that database up for exploration. The first gives the overall picture — every element in the database, by type, across the twenty-five years. From there, three sets of charts look at the material from different angles: one traces the anti-gender movement’s actors, showing when its organisations were founded and how its makeup changed over time; two examine its actions on the laws and policies, distinguishing the measures it opposed from the ones it authored, and — crucially — how often each succeeded; and three re-sort the same activity by topic, showing which issues the movement contests, and whether each is fought in the streets or in the institutions. Every chart is interactive: use the labels beneath each one to show or hide categories and follow the trends that interest you.
Overview – Evolution of anti-gender elements in the database by type
All the recorded activity and actors of the anti-gender movement, 2001–2025
This chart shows the entire database at a glance. Every activity by the anti-gender movement that the Hate Review documented is recorded as an “element” and classified by type, and each line here tracks how one type has grown across the five periods from 2001 to 2025. The types fall into two families: the anti-gender movement’s actions — opposing progressive measures, proposing its own, litigating, campaigning, mobilising in the streets, petitioning and spreading disinformation — and, shown separately, the new anti-gender actors founded in each period. Read together, the lines tell the basic story the rest of this page explores in detail: activity of every kind has risen steeply, and most steeply in the last decade.
Use the labels beneath the chart to show or hide any type and focus on the ones that interest you. The Total line, hidden by default, adds up all the movement’s actions in each period — switch it on to see the overall scale of documented activity.
Anti-gender actors by type and founding year
When the organisations of the anti-gender movement were created, 1996–2025
This chart counts the actors of the anti-gender movement — the organisations, parties, networks and media outlets that carry it — by the period in which each was founded, grouped into six types. Rather than showing how many actors were active at a given moment, it shows when new ones came into being, which reveals how and when the movement built itself up: a rising line means a wave of new organisations of that type, a falling one means fewer were created. The picture is one of a movement that assembled its infrastructure over three decades, diversifying from a narrow base into parties, coalitions, networks, media outlets, expert bodies and grassroots groups. The chart begins in 1996, and a number of older actors — mainly long-established religious institutions and conservative political parties — were already active before then and are recorded in the database but not shown here.
Use the labels beneath the chart to show or hide any type, and switch on the Total to see how many new actors were founded in each period overall.
A closer look on actions: opposition to progressive measures and anti-gender measures
Two sides of the same contest over the law and policies, and how each turns out
The two charts here open up the anti-gender movement’s activity on laws and policies by breaking it down not just by volume but by outcome. The first, opposition to progressive measures, tracks the cases where the movement fought a law or policy advancing the rights of LGBTIQ+ people or reproductive rights. Each line shows whether that measure was passed despite the opposition, withdrawn, or blocked outright — so the chart reveals not only how often the movement pushed back, but how often it succeeded in stopping progress. The second, anti-gender measures, does the same for the movement’s own initiatives — the restrictive laws, regulations and policies it authored itself — tracing whether each was merely proposed, tabled, rejected, adopted or implemented. Read side by side, the two charts show the anti-gender movement in its two roles, opposing the measures of others and advancing its own, and in both cases they distinguish a proposal from a victory: the difference between what the anti-gender movement attempts and what it actually achieves.
In each chart, use the labels beneath to show or hide any outcome, and switch on the Total to see the overall trend.
By topic: what the anti-gender movement targets
The same activity seen through the issues it is fought over
These three charts re-sort the anti-gender movement’s actions — this time not by what kind of action they are, but by the topic they concern: abortion and reproductive rights, the rights of trans people, sex education, marriage and family, and so on. The first, evolution of elements by topic, shows every type of action together, tracing how each topic has risen or faded across the five periods and revealing which battlegrounds the anti-gender movement has opened, and when. The other two zoom in by method. Street mobilisation by topic shows only protests and demonstrations, revealing which topics bring the anti-gender movement onto the streets — above all abortion, through the recurring marches for life. Opposition and anti-gender measures by topic shows only the activity around laws, regulations and executive decisions, revealing which topics are fought out in parliaments and ministries — increasingly the rights of trans people, gender in education and academic freedom. Together they show that different issues are contested in different arenas: some in the street, some in the institutions.
In each chart, use the labels beneath to show or hide any topic and follow the ones that interest you.